EXTERNAL OR ADVOCACY WRITTEN MEMORANDUM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

EXTERNAL OR ADVOCACY WRITTEN MEMORANDUM - Essay Example Later in the night, the defendant Kerry Knight, the varsity basketball coach arrived bringing with him a keg of beer. Although there was a note which said â€Å"Do not drink if under 21† on the keg, most of the guests, 21 or not, drank anyway and the defendant did not stop any of them. The plaintiff was initially offered a cup of beer by his friend Richards and later went to the keg himself for a refill. The defendant left the party at one time leaving the guests drinking and finishing up the keg. The plaintiff had several more cups and when the keg was almost empty was about to leave Devin’s house when the defendant reappeared. He asked the plaintiff if he had drunk beer and the latter said he had a cup. The plaintiff then got his jeep key from near the TV where the coach kept all car keys and took off with his friend Taylor who asked for a ride home. The defendant did not at any time stop the plaintiff from leaving with his jeep key. On the way home, the defendant hit a tree and broke a leg. He spent the entire summer in cast and missed the next basketball season. As a consequence, his team lost that season and so did the plaintiff’s hope for a Division scholarship. The plaintiff is frustrated over the fact that although he can eventually still play basketball, he can never be as brilliant as it used to be in playing basketball. To decide whether or not the defendant is liable for the plaintiff’s injuries, it is necessary to prove that the defendant was negligent and that if so found, it was this same negligence that was the proximate cause of the plaintiff’s injuries. Negligence is defined in the case of Manning v. Andy 454 Pa. 237, 310 A. 2d 75 (1973) as â€Å"the want of due care which a reasonable man would apply under the circumstances. Conduct is negligent only if the harmful consequences thereof could reasonably be foreseen and prevented by the exercise of reasonable care.† Moreover, the elements of cause of action for negligence had been

American Politics in the Context of Obama’s Election and the First 100 Days Essay Example for Free

American Politics in the Context of Obama’s Election and the First 100 Days Essay Though none opposes the fact that motivation is the real driving engine of every action, there is considerable differences among the theorists about its mechanism, especially when it comes to explore the possibility to bring out the best out in the employees of an organization, where one school of thought advocates for extrinsic motivation for instant solution and the other insists on capitalizing the long-term efficacy of intrinsic motivation. Under the present context of economic downturn, this issue is extremely important, as extrinsic motivation primarily involves money. Therefore, this paper explores the core elements of motivation and concepts of extrinsic and intrinsic rewards from relevant literature, before coming into its own conclusion. Core of Motivation The core of motivation contains three elements like Consciousness, Inverted Qualia and Absent Qualia. These three together create various mental states. Consciousness It has six major identifiable states like 1. State of awareness: When someone is aware of something (Rosenthal, 1986). 2. Qualitative states: Sensing something out of something like enjoying a meal or experiencing a pain. Such experiences are called qualia, and are regarded as intrinsic, private, ineffable and nomadic features of experience, (Dennet, 1990). 3. Phenomenal states: A state involving more than sensory qualia, covering spatial, temporal and conceptual organization of experiences about the world and the persons inference about it. 4. What-it-is-like states: Associating a sense of experience with another. 5. Access consciousness: Its like seeing a thing and ideating something and then deciding on something, where there may or may not be any relationship among the above-said three stages. 6. Narrative consciousness: This stream of consciousness contains a series of thoughts from the perspective of an actual or merely virtual self (Dennett, 1991). Inverted Qualia It refers to a personal package of intrinsic and intricate experiences, with which humans decipher various external signals and respond to them, where the nature of experience governs the nature of response. The difference in perception causes inverted qualia, as for example someone might like green tea and detest coffee for no unexplainable reasons. This trait has a strong connection with intrinsic motivation (Dennet, 1991) Absent Qualia The concept of absent qualia claims that functional duplicates of a creature would do the same. As for example, if Mr. X likes tea and dislikes coffee, then his absolute clone would also do the same, for which the clone would not need an intricate and intrinsic package of experiences (Dennet, 1991). This concept backs the idea of getting result through extrinsic reward – as for example, if Mr. X and Mr. Y do identical jobs under identical conditions, then if Mr. X feels satisfied with cash reward, Mr.  Y would too follow the suit without a second thought! This study thus highlights two sets of hidden relationships, one, between inverted qualia and intrinsic motivation/rewards, and two, between absent qualia and extrinsic motivation/rewards. In any case, humans (apparently) involuntary association with rewards too has its routes in their perceptions, which maintain a master list of individual desires, and accordingly propel them to fulfill such desires. Put into an imaginary diagram, the mechanism of human mind can look somewhat like below: Mechanism of Motivation Motivating Tools From the organizational perspective, the ways and means to motivate the employees can be many. However, the common ones among them are, 1. Rewards 2. Retention 3. Morale 5. Job-enrichment 6. Reinforcement 1. Rewards System: Rewards or recognition system has a great bearing on the emotional plane of humans. † Every behavior comes out of pain and gain principle, says Khera (2004, p. 110). There can be many types of tangible gains like money, vacations or gifts, or they can be intangible, like recognition, appreciation, sense of achievement, growth, responsibility, sense of fulfillment, self-worth, etc. 2. Retention: It highly motivates the employees, as Retention is critical to the long term health and success of the company (Heathfield, 2008). 3. Morale: The elements like praise, love and faith can charge up anyone under any circumstance. 4. Job Enrichment: It relates to the in-house grooming of the employees to become an expert in the related field. 5. Reinforcement. By all means, it is a tool to control the employee behavior (Positive, 2000), which binds the company activities together. Other Factors Related to Motivation There are three other factors that can be instrumental to keep employees motivated, and they are: Job Satisfaction, Goal-setting and Performance appraisals. They are considered to be the self-boosters of the employees, and according to Murphy (2001), belief is a thought that causes the power of subconscious to be distributed into all phases of life. Motivation and Reward System Reward systems are created to fuel the employee cooperation, effort and overall satisfaction of all members of the company Cacioppe (1999). Other researchers like Hackman (1997) Shea and Guzzo (1987) too have endorsed this view, and suggested to align rewards with group activities. The basic parameter of the formulating a reward structure, however, is expected to apply the common logic like optimizing the ability of the workforce as a whole, though in practice it might go down to an individual, especially where the work patterns are not interdependent. This situation commands a quick review of the nature of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. Intrinsic Rewards Deci (1975) says that intrinsic rewards evoke a sense of personal causation i. e.  , an inward mechanism serving as the guiding engine for the action, where its elements are usually intangible and working on the plane of ones perception, where the journey is being enjoyed over the outcome. Extrinsic Rewards Extrinsic rewards are supposed to generate perceptions of external causation (Deci, 1975) by being mostly tangible in nature – a hike in salary or status, or material gains in other forms. However, researchers like Guzzo, (1979) defies any division in the reward system and considers it a single, usable tools to tweak the frequency of desired response of the employees towards a desired direction. Researchers like Hull (1943) and Skinner (1953) placed extrinsic reward as a direct link between stimulus and response, and their views include punishment as a stimulus too, besides subscribing to the power of stimulus. Reaction No matter how much Hull (1943) and Skinner (1953) wanted to establish extrinsic motivation as the best motivating tool to earn competitive advantage, extrinsic motivation carries a hidden cost besides the cost involved in its implementation. Researchers like Deci and Ryan (1985) used attribution theory and suggested that humans constantly reassess the reasons for their behaviors besides others. Before that, Lepper et al. (1973) had observed that reinforcement generates two effects for the management, like gaining control over activity or fastening the process; two, the backlash effect in absence of reinforcement. The example below would explain it better: A group or an individual gets a reward of x amount of money for a period y, where x+y=m, m being the increased rate of production. Before that, the situation was y=z where production was z. Now in the absence of reinforcement and with the influence of attribution theory, the situation would stand like y-x = n, where n z. This clearly goes against the basic reason for motivating the employees, i. e. , to enhance the profit of the organization. Engagement occurs when an employee connects emotionally with his work, says Paul Glen (2007), and if one checks the mechanism of motivation, one gets convinced that extrinsic motivation cannot influence the employees to connect emotionally with their work, as it is guided by absent qualia, i. e. , a momentary and involuntary chase, where emotion has no role to play. On the other hand, the intrinsic motivation is guided by inverted qualia, i.  e. , conscious chase and that clearly takes along emotion in its journey and influence the human mind in no less than six ways. Conclusion The research and discussion above clearly shows that extrinsic motivation system can be a threat in disguise for the organizations especially under the present context of economic downturn, while intrinsic motivation can be the ideal solution under the same circumstance, where it can raise emotional attachment with the organization and inspire the employees to produce more for less. References Cacioppe, R. (1999). Using team-individual reward and recognition strategies to drive organizational success. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 20(6), pp. 322-331. Deci, E. and Ryan, R. (1985) Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behaviour. New York: Plenum Press. Deci, E. L. (1975). Intrinsic motivation. New York: Plenum. Denett, D. C. (1990). Quining qualia. In Mind and Cognition, W. Lycan (Ed. ), Oxford: Blackwell, 519-548. Dennett, D. C. (1991). Consciousness explained. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. Glen, P. (2007). You Cant Outsource Retention. Computerworld, July 16, 2007. Guzzo, R. A. (1979). Types of rewards, cognitions, and work motivation. Academy of Management Review, 4(1), pp. 75-86. Hackman, J. R. (1997). Why teams dont work. In R. S. Tindale, J. Edwards, E. J. Posavac (Eds. ) Applications of theory and research on groups to social issues. New York: Plenum.

Cell Morphology and Motility Essays -- Biology

Tumor cells try to spread throughout the body. In order to do so, these cells need Rho and ROCK or Rac to signal their movement. There are at least two types of morphology (shapes/forms) that need these signals for cell movement. One type is the elongated morphology, which needs to use Rac for signalling, and pericellular proteolysis (an enzyme) for movement. The other type is the rounded (amoeboid) morphology, which uses RhoA and ROCK signalling. Initially, tumor cells were known to take the elongated form. It is now known that the rounded shape also exists and possibly other morphologies as well. This research is focused on tumor cells that have rounded morphology, elongated morphology, and those that can utilize both forms. There has been research in attempts to inhibit, or block, these signals in order to stop tumor cells from spreading. However, this may cause a problem for other cells that may need to move to certain places of the body to function. Researchers have experimented with the use of inhibitors, such as Y27632, C3, and a combination of Y27632 and C3, on different types of tumor cells to see what percentage of cells still invaded to a certain distance. This information is compared to the percentage of untreated cells that invaded the same set distance. The effectiveness of these inhibitors are then related to the type of morphology (elongated or rounded or both) to see if certain types of inhibitors work better in a type of morphology. More research has been conducted to find the percentage of different tumor cells that have invaded three different depths. This is also used to analyze the effectiveness of the inhibitors on the varying types of morphologies. The basic procedure for this type of experiment is d... ...affected by these inhibitors known at this point? Is it possible that there are other morphology changes and signals involved in cell movement? The hopes for developments in the fight against cancer are high, especially in the hearts of innumerable patients, families, and friends. Each small step in the right direction is a step toward a cure, and it's progress such as these discoveries that will someday help save and improve the lives of countless individuals. We would like to thank the people who sit behind a microscope ten hours a day. They are committed to watching blobs move around on a plate in the hope that these blobs can shed light on the diseases that hurt, cripple and kill our fellow human beings. The future is brighter because of the problems being tackled, and the prospects of tomorrow give reason for the contributions and investments of today. Cell Morphology and Motility Essays -- Biology Tumor cells try to spread throughout the body. In order to do so, these cells need Rho and ROCK or Rac to signal their movement. There are at least two types of morphology (shapes/forms) that need these signals for cell movement. One type is the elongated morphology, which needs to use Rac for signalling, and pericellular proteolysis (an enzyme) for movement. The other type is the rounded (amoeboid) morphology, which uses RhoA and ROCK signalling. Initially, tumor cells were known to take the elongated form. It is now known that the rounded shape also exists and possibly other morphologies as well. This research is focused on tumor cells that have rounded morphology, elongated morphology, and those that can utilize both forms. There has been research in attempts to inhibit, or block, these signals in order to stop tumor cells from spreading. However, this may cause a problem for other cells that may need to move to certain places of the body to function. Researchers have experimented with the use of inhibitors, such as Y27632, C3, and a combination of Y27632 and C3, on different types of tumor cells to see what percentage of cells still invaded to a certain distance. This information is compared to the percentage of untreated cells that invaded the same set distance. The effectiveness of these inhibitors are then related to the type of morphology (elongated or rounded or both) to see if certain types of inhibitors work better in a type of morphology. More research has been conducted to find the percentage of different tumor cells that have invaded three different depths. This is also used to analyze the effectiveness of the inhibitors on the varying types of morphologies. The basic procedure for this type of experiment is d... ...affected by these inhibitors known at this point? Is it possible that there are other morphology changes and signals involved in cell movement? The hopes for developments in the fight against cancer are high, especially in the hearts of innumerable patients, families, and friends. Each small step in the right direction is a step toward a cure, and it's progress such as these discoveries that will someday help save and improve the lives of countless individuals. We would like to thank the people who sit behind a microscope ten hours a day. They are committed to watching blobs move around on a plate in the hope that these blobs can shed light on the diseases that hurt, cripple and kill our fellow human beings. The future is brighter because of the problems being tackled, and the prospects of tomorrow give reason for the contributions and investments of today.

Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart - How Things Fall Apart :: Things Fall Apart essays

How Things Fall Apart      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There was a man who dreamed as a child of being well known and respected throughout his village and neighboring villages. This man, Okonko, worked hard at his goal, and he achieved it. Okonko, a man with great strength and personality, had achieved his goal to become rich and famous, a privilege that was unseen before in his family. Although Okonko reached his goal at an early age, his life began to Fall Apart when tragic episodes took place.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One can see that Okonko's life first began to fall apart when Ikemefuna, a captive who stayed at Okonko's home, was killed. Okonko had thought of Ikemefuna as one of his own sons. He was deeply saddened when he was killed. One can see the effects on Okonko from that event. First Okonko was unable to sleep for the following three days. He also kept on getting drunk, and that was a sign that he was depressed. This incident also had a long-term effect on Okonko. From then on his family would look at him as if it were his fault that Ikemefuna is dead. This episode can be seen as an event where Okonko looses some faith from his family. This corresponds to Okonko loosing faith in his father.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another important occurrence where one can see that Okonko's life falls apart was when he was thrown out of the clan for a few years. From this episode one can see that Okonko's hopes dreams have begun to fall apart. His hopes of being a rich and popular individual had drifted away with this upsetting incident. Okonko had no longer had his farm or animals. Also Okonko lost faith with most of his friends. This goes to show that Okonko lost faith with his friends, like his father lost faith with his.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another episode that showed the downfall in Okonko's life was when Nwoye, his oldest and favorite son, converted to the white mans religion, Christianity. To Okonko this was very upsetting because Nwoye was his eldest son, and Okonko had the greatest expectations for him. When news came to him that Nwoye was among the white men, one could have foreseen that only no good was coming to Okonko after that.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By glancing at Okonko's life, one could see that the title Things Fall

Structuralism

Structuralism originated in the structural linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure and the subsequent Prague and Moscow schools of linguistics. [1] Just as structural linguistics was facing serious challenges from the likes of Noam Chomsky and thus fading in importance in linguistics, structuralism appeared in academia in the second half of the 20th century and grew to become one of the most popular approaches in academic fields concerned with the analysis of language, culture, and society. The structuralist mode of reasoning has been applied in a diverse range of fields, including anthropology, sociology, psychology, literary criticism, and architecture. The most famous thinkers associated with structuralism include the linguist Roman Jakobson, the anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss, the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan, the philosopher and historian Michel Foucault, the Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser, and the literary critic Roland Barthes. 1] As an intellectual movement, structuralism came to take existentialism's pedestal in 1960s France. [2] Structuralism argues that a specific domain of culture may be understood by means of a structure—modelled on language—that is distinct both from the organisations of reality and those of ideas or the imagination—the â€Å"third order†. In Lacan's psychoanalytic theory, for example, the structural order of â€Å"the Symbolic† is distinguished both from â€Å"the Real† and â€Å"the Imaginary†; similarly, in Althusser's Marxist theory, the structural order of the capitalist mode of production is distinct both from the actual, real agents involved in its relations and from the ideological forms in which those relations are understood. According to Alison Assiter, four ideas are common to the various forms of structuralism. First, that a structure determines the position of each element of a whole. Second, that every system has a structure. Third, structural laws deal with co-existence rather than change. Fourth, structures are the â€Å"real things† that lie beneath the surface or the appearance of meaning. [4] In the 1970s, structuralism was criticised for its rigidity and ahistoricism. Despite this, many of structuralism's proponents, such as Jacques Lacan, continue to assert an influence on continental philosophy and many of the fundamental assumptions of some of structuralism's critics (who have been associated with â€Å"post-structuralism†) are a continuation of structuralism. [2]

Free Essays on Slavery Reparations

Slavery and Reparations Despite the fact that slavery officially ended over one hundred years ago, there remains discussions of owing slaves’ families reparations. Numerous articles, essays, and journals have been written arguing both sides of this important and controversial issue. In Jack E. White’s article, â€Å"Don’t Waste Your Breath,† he argues against reparations. On the contrary, Vincene Verdun’s article, â€Å"To Right an Old Wrong: Potential Defendants for Slavery Reparations are Still Around,† defends and supports reparations. These two articles differ in there arguments, appeals and audiences, and credibility. First, the differences between White and Verdun appear in their arguments. White, an African American journalist for Time magazine, received his motivation for writing his article after reading David Horowitz’s list on why reparations are â€Å"a bad idea for blacks† (White 573-574). White said he has tangled with Horowitz in the past. Even though White and Horowitz have different viewpoints on the reparations issue, White applauds Horowitz for making reparations a story worth fighting for (574). White’s main claim in his article is that the argument over reparations is a waste of time. This belief, explains the title of his article. He claims that the issue is not worth debating. Also, he argues that the amount of money it would take to comfort his fellow African Americans is astronomically. White also claims that the white race will never pay (574). To sum up White’s article, he is against reparations; and believes they will never happen. In contrast of White, Verdun supports reparations for slaves’ families. Verdun is an associate professor of law at the Michael E. Moritz College of Law (Verdun 23). In his essay, Verdun addresses the question of who should pay for reparations. Verdun states, â€Å"I agree that no slave masters are alive to pay the debt of slavery in America. However, the governme... Free Essays on Slavery Reparations Free Essays on Slavery Reparations Slavery and Reparations Despite the fact that slavery officially ended over one hundred years ago, there remains discussions of owing slaves’ families reparations. Numerous articles, essays, and journals have been written arguing both sides of this important and controversial issue. In Jack E. White’s article, â€Å"Don’t Waste Your Breath,† he argues against reparations. On the contrary, Vincene Verdun’s article, â€Å"To Right an Old Wrong: Potential Defendants for Slavery Reparations are Still Around,† defends and supports reparations. These two articles differ in there arguments, appeals and audiences, and credibility. First, the differences between White and Verdun appear in their arguments. White, an African American journalist for Time magazine, received his motivation for writing his article after reading David Horowitz’s list on why reparations are â€Å"a bad idea for blacks† (White 573-574). White said he has tangled with Horowitz in the past. Even though White and Horowitz have different viewpoints on the reparations issue, White applauds Horowitz for making reparations a story worth fighting for (574). White’s main claim in his article is that the argument over reparations is a waste of time. This belief, explains the title of his article. He claims that the issue is not worth debating. Also, he argues that the amount of money it would take to comfort his fellow African Americans is astronomically. White also claims that the white race will never pay (574). To sum up White’s article, he is against reparations; and believes they will never happen. In contrast of White, Verdun supports reparations for slaves’ families. Verdun is an associate professor of law at the Michael E. Moritz College of Law (Verdun 23). In his essay, Verdun addresses the question of who should pay for reparations. Verdun states, â€Å"I agree that no slave masters are alive to pay the debt of slavery in America. However, the governme...

Top 10 ancient towns and villages worth visiting and exploring

Top 10 ancient towns and villages worth visiting and exploring The most beautiful ancient towns and villages that boast a vast historic heritage Our world is full of astounding ancient cities that have survived more than just time. They became famous for their vast historic and cultural heritage. There are a lot of things in these everlasting places that are worth our attention. Just get ready to take a walk and explore these must visit ancient villages and towns.   Alberobello, Puglia, Italy Alberobello, in the region of Puglia in southern Italy, is a unique and picturesque holiday destination that can impress everyone with its unusual districts of trulli. A trulo is a hut with white-washed conical roof which were built by the local people in the distant past with the purpose to avoid taxes. That settlement fooled the authorities in such way – it just didn`t have a status of a town because those huts could be easily dismantled. These days, travelers can wander the narrow streets, experience the historic spirit of this site, and admire the original architecture. Trakai Island, Lithuania Trakai is the historical capital of Lithuania where you can visit the only island castle in Eastern Europe. Trakai Island Castle is an incredible architectural example of Gothic style which was built by Lithuanian dukes in XIV century and served and their residence. Nowadays, people can visit various cultural events that are held in this gorgeous place. The Knight Competition is the most popular among the foreigners.   Its historical center is also famous for its numerous lakes. Ronda, Malaga, Spain Despite being a grooving town Ronda retains much of its historic charm and uniqueness. This place won`t stop fascinating its visitors from all over the world. It is famous for its dramatic and breathtaking views and escarpments. A 100m deep canyon EL Tajo will definitely impress you with its gorge. Ronda is a birthplace of modern bullfighting which people glimpse once a year at Feria Goyesca. Marburg, Germany Marburg is a romantic German riverfront town that dates back to the 9th century. It is considered to be a cultural center of Europe with its beautiful Renaissance and Gothic architecture. The gorgeous Marburg Castle overlooks this medieval university town. There are a lot of places of interest for tourist, students, and scientists here. Fenghuang (Phoenix Ancient Town), Hunan Province, China Fenghuang is situated in the area of breathtaking natural beauty where water, mountains, and blue skies prevail. It is considered to be the most beautiful town in China. You will be definitely impressed with its elegance, rich culture, air of mystery, and primitive simplicity. Fenghuang is a perfect example of what villages used to be to the onset of modernization. Piodao, Portugal Piodao is a historical schist village in central Portugal, which is considered to be one of the most charming and picturesque villages in the country. Piodao is indeed a unique site due to its houses that are arranged in the form of an amphitheatre. Locals are very proud of their beautiful medieval town with its outstanding views, historic architecture, and magnificent mountainous landscapes. Songzanlin, Shangri-La, China Songzanlin is the largest Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Yunnan which attracts a lot of tourists from the whole world due to its mysterious atmosphere, unique Tibetan architecture, and magnificent treasures. It is interesting that this monastery`s complex, which is surrounded with stunning nature, makes an entire little town. Its well-preserved frescos, wonderful golden lamps, Tibetan lections, and golden figures of Buddha josses make this monastery one of the most famous temples in China. Bergamo, Italy Bergamo is a northern Italy treasure. This beguiling eastern Lombard city has a lot to offer: A wealth of art, amazing nature, historic architecture, breathtaking views, and some fine dining.   The amazing terraced gardens and slopes planted with various floras make this town popular holiday destination. The old upper city – Citta Alta – is where most of the tourist attractions can be found. Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India Jodhpur is a delightful blend of the modern and the traditional. It is one of the largest and most populated cities in Rajasthan. It marks its origin back to the year of 1459 AD. This city is popularly known as the Blue City because its havelis, palaces, forts, houses, and temples are built in vivid shades of blue. There is always something to see here. That is why it is also the favorite tourist destination. The main things visitors like to discover in Jodhpur are fabrics, handcrafts, and spice markets. Civita di Bagnoregio, Province of Viterbo, Italy Italy`s Civita di Bagnoregio is a Jewel on the hill. It was founded by Etruscans more than 2,500 years ago. This city is included in the list of 100 Most Endangered Sites because its population has dwindled to just six residents. Tourists are welcome by these friendly local people. You will discover the impressive nature, historic architecture, and stunning panoramic views here.

Free Essays on From The Others Perspective

From The Other’s Perspective Anthropologists have the opportunity to immerse themselves in various cultures throughout the world. They must not only play the role of the researcher but they must also interact with these various cultures in a non-obtrusive or offensive way. Many of the journals and field-notes we have gone over in class are all written from a one-sided point of view. If an anthropologist were to immerse him or herself into my culture I’m sure there are various parts of my daily life that I would alter in order to not revel too much about my self as a person. I would not only hide some things of my life, but I would also be curious as to why this person was here and observing my every move. However I’m sure that different people and cultures respond in different ways. I suppose at first I’d be a little timid and shy towards an outsider into my group of friends, it would take me a little time to warm up to an individual whom I’ve never met before. I’d almost be o n guard especially if this individual was documenting my behavior, I would change my personality to seem to be cool and relaxed. I assume the anthropologist would know my language so I would attempt to communicate with him or her, asking them various questions; such as what is you name, where are you from, and why are you here; this would give me the chance to â€Å"feel† this person out and give me some idea of their intentions. As I got to know this individual I would become more comfortable, I’m sure this is why anthropologist spend so much time in a given culture. I would begin to show my true personality and act as I do around my various friends. Some things I’m sure would be a little difficult to discuss, such as my personal finances, my mother and father’s divorce, my brothers legal mishaps and other personal knowledge. Eventually I would disclose these facts once I trusted the anthropologist, this also takes time; I would expect the a... Free Essays on From The Others Perspective Free Essays on From The Others Perspective From The Other’s Perspective Anthropologists have the opportunity to immerse themselves in various cultures throughout the world. They must not only play the role of the researcher but they must also interact with these various cultures in a non-obtrusive or offensive way. Many of the journals and field-notes we have gone over in class are all written from a one-sided point of view. If an anthropologist were to immerse him or herself into my culture I’m sure there are various parts of my daily life that I would alter in order to not revel too much about my self as a person. I would not only hide some things of my life, but I would also be curious as to why this person was here and observing my every move. However I’m sure that different people and cultures respond in different ways. I suppose at first I’d be a little timid and shy towards an outsider into my group of friends, it would take me a little time to warm up to an individual whom I’ve never met before. I’d almost be o n guard especially if this individual was documenting my behavior, I would change my personality to seem to be cool and relaxed. I assume the anthropologist would know my language so I would attempt to communicate with him or her, asking them various questions; such as what is you name, where are you from, and why are you here; this would give me the chance to â€Å"feel† this person out and give me some idea of their intentions. As I got to know this individual I would become more comfortable, I’m sure this is why anthropologist spend so much time in a given culture. I would begin to show my true personality and act as I do around my various friends. Some things I’m sure would be a little difficult to discuss, such as my personal finances, my mother and father’s divorce, my brothers legal mishaps and other personal knowledge. Eventually I would disclose these facts once I trusted the anthropologist, this also takes time; I would expect the a...

Ealth care process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ealth care process - Essay Example By reviewing the steps and their sequence as to who performs each step, and how efficiently the process works, an organization can often visualize opportunities for improvement. The process mapping tool may also be used to evaluate or redesign a current process. Additional information, including tools and resources to assist an organization that wants to adopt process mapping as an improvement strategy, can be found in the Redesigning a System of Care to Promote QI module. Specific steps are required to deliver optimal health care services. When these steps are tied to pertinent clinical guidelines, then optimal outcomes are achieved. These essential steps are referred to as the critical (or clinical) pathway. The critical pathway steps can be mapped as described above. By mapping the current critical pathway for a particular service, an organization gains a better understanding of what and how care is provided. When an organization compares its map to one that shows optimal care for a service that is congruent with evidence-based guidelines, it sees other opportunities to provide or improve delivered care. In this module, improvement strategies are presented based on what has worked for other health care organizations. Changes are applied throughout an existing critical pathway so it works more effectively. QI strives to enable an organization to achieve the ideal critical pathway, which is one that allows the care team and patient to interact productively and efficiently to achieve optimal health outcomes.

Foundations of Knowledge and Professional Skills Assignment

Foundations of Knowledge and Professional Skills - Assignment Example element of surprise in these two organizations the author gives a case where the film crew was shooting a dramatic slaughter scene on the top of the floor. The electricity electrocutes the victim, while failing into a hot tub. However, they failed to account for displacement. When the actor failed into the tub, the water overflowed, spreading over the floor. The floor shorted the electricity in the entire mansion, halting the production. On the case of SWAT police, he brings out a case where the police had prepared to execute a search warrant on suspected drug house. The officer on the team had reviewed pictures film and diagrams of the location. They sketched the route to follow during the entry and agreed on their distribution inside the location (Edward, 2009, p.382). The wall and rooms were not in expected configuration. According to cunha, surprise is a break in the expectation that arise from a situation that are not expected or do not advance as planned (Baker 2007). It encompasses unanticipated element and draws attention from standard progression of work. Surprises are interesting for they show the various way an organization faces uncertainty and adapts. Surprise has been characterized into various group based on their source and outcomes. Both events processes generate them. Cuhn et al (2003, P.322) argues that they can emerge from simple situation, or a complicated system. The consequences of surprise can be negative or positive at their most negative they can constitute to a cosmology event as described by Mann gulch blaze. The positive consequences are where the outcome of surprises engages the organization members with situation coupled with recognition of need for change. No matter the source of the surprise the organization member need to response in a manner that enables their work to continue. Organization is increasingly facing surprise as enumerated by Barley (2006, p.88). It is therefore very important to understand what make organization

A report on highest priority program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A report on highest priority program - Essay Example Also, the Department of Defense feels that the State has to bring back the allied forces so that the cost of maintaining such a high degree of expenditure n the troops can be minimized. Let us focus on the expenditure on the war on terror. The Department of Defense has spent an estimated amount of 4 Trillion USD. This is the highest amount of money spent by the Unites States of America upon a single agenda. The war on terror in Afghanistan and Iraq has cost us a lot of money and the results of the same have not been any fruitful. Even though the companies based out of USA have got the chance and opportunity to built industries in the areas which have been inflicted by the war, the Department of Defense in consultation with the Department of Commerce feels that the economic spending has outgrown the income received by the US based companies from doing business in the war inflicted areas. The highest priority for the United States of America is to control the high level of external exp enditure of the state. The international debt has increased dramatically in the past 3 years and the Department of Commerce in consultation with us have concluded that the war on terror has had dramatic consequences on the purchasing power parity of the Government. There are thousands of troops who have been lined up in Iraq and Afghanistan and it is imperative that we should start cutting down on the supply of our troops in those countries. â€Å"The President spent $850 billion on defense in his first year. This included $530.1 billion for the DoD base budget, and $152.7 billion to fund other departments, such as Homeland Security and the Veterans Administration.† Understanding from the above observations, it is imperative that the State is spending a lot more amount on external security than it has to. The State must recognize the fact that the spending is going out of bounds and it might become difficult to grapple with it. We must be vigilant with our money and it is cru cial that we do not allow the spending to escalate our economic debts. The Department of Defense has made this report in consultation and advises from the Department of Commerce. Moving forward, the Department of Defense categorically state that the States and the President should remove 50% of the troops from the war affected areas by 2015. By the time the country enters a safe economic zone period, it is imperative that the troops are then brought back to the country. We plan to put in a system in place where the interior troops of Iraq and Afghanistan shall be trained and provided with ammunition to counter any insurgency. We shall start the training method by July 2014 and hope to accomplish the training of at least 100000 troops in those countries so that we can then start to remove our troops gradually and place their troops instead. This will also allow those nations to manage any insurgency or attacks and shall make them self-sufficient. Once we send out our troops from the war affected areas, we shall then create a system of checks and balances which will make sure that the process of replacing our troops with their troops is seamless. By 2016 end of the year we hope to have taken away all the allied forces away from the war-ridden areas and reduce our expenditure on war by 80%. This will give the economy the much-needed impetus in terms of monetary strength. The economy will be face

Islamic finance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Islamic finance - Research Paper Example However, there were banking activities that existed before this period although the operations were conducted in Mecca. From the historical perspective, Islamic banking can be categorized into three eras. The first era was in the early year of Islam until the time of Caliph ArRashidin. The second era of Islamic banking extends from the period of Caliphates to the fall of Uthmaniyah Empire. The third period which is the modern era is current Islamic banking. Prophet Muhammad got divine revelations that Mecca was a city of trade. There were a number of economic techniques and concepts that were used in early Islamic banking such as partnership, bills of exchange, cheques, promissory notes among others (Ahmad, 2010). Islamic banks products exclude the use of Interest which is prohibited in Islam. Rather, the Islamic banks provide an anticipated profit rate for rental rates and savings. According to Islamic Law, money should not be used to create more money. Islamic banks are required to offer services in return for a profit. Instead of the traditional accounts that have interest rates, Islamic banks offer accounts that provide profits or losses. The bank buys property with the customer money, which creates a return to the bank. In case of savings, a customer makes deposits in Al Rayan banks for an expected profit rate. Unlike interest, expected profit rate is not fixed as the profit is made through Sharia compliant investments. There is an element of risk carried in the expected profit rate, but it is usually managed by Al Rayan Bank. Islamic banks Home Purchase Plans are on the basis of leasing and co-ownership, whereby the bank and the customer purchase the property jointly. The monthly paymen ts made by the Customer little by little boost their share in the property. At the maturity of the finance term, the title of the asset is

Buddhist Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Buddhist Economics - Assignment Example tholics, Orthodox or Protestants have a lot in common, such as they agree with the standard of the New Testament, they own up to the Apostolic Creed and also assert the different institutions of the church. However a number of teachings such as the Gospel of Thomas, philips gospel and Gospel of Truth later came to be discovered at Nag Hammadi by an avenger. On the leadership, the Orthodox Christian group held the belief that leadership only belongs to a small group of persons whose authority could not be challenged in any given way whatsoever and the right to ordain such leader was a prerogative of the apostle. But the Gnostics rejected this theory and went ahead to call it the â€Å"faith of fools.’’ Resurrection then became a controversy where all Christians believed that only Christ or God hold that spiritual authority yet when questioned on who bears that authority presently, one Valentinus responds by saying that it is only the one that comes into direct contact with God that holds this authority. These historical sources all portray God as having been a malicious envier since He envied Adam having consumed   fruit from the tree of knowledge and their eyes being opened just as the serpent promised as described is eby    Gnostic. Clement, the author asserts that God is the ruler and master and should, therefore, be obeyed. He delegates these powers to rulers such as bishops, priests and deacons who must be equally respected and anyone who disobeys them deserves punishment of death! The Gnostics, on the other hand, do not like this idea as some of these leaders could be compromised or entangled by personal gains. Irenaes goes ahead to support this statement by even saying that there is only one true God and that it, therefore, means that there is only one true and one representative of God’s authority on earth- the bishop. Another newly revealed script gives words spoken by a womanly authority, giving the idea that God created both male and female while

Islamic finance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Islamic finance - Research Paper Example However, there were banking activities that existed before this period although the operations were conducted in Mecca. From the historical perspective, Islamic banking can be categorized into three eras. The first era was in the early year of Islam until the time of Caliph ArRashidin. The second era of Islamic banking extends from the period of Caliphates to the fall of Uthmaniyah Empire. The third period which is the modern era is current Islamic banking. Prophet Muhammad got divine revelations that Mecca was a city of trade. There were a number of economic techniques and concepts that were used in early Islamic banking such as partnership, bills of exchange, cheques, promissory notes among others (Ahmad, 2010). Islamic banks products exclude the use of Interest which is prohibited in Islam. Rather, the Islamic banks provide an anticipated profit rate for rental rates and savings. According to Islamic Law, money should not be used to create more money. Islamic banks are required to offer services in return for a profit. Instead of the traditional accounts that have interest rates, Islamic banks offer accounts that provide profits or losses. The bank buys property with the customer money, which creates a return to the bank. In case of savings, a customer makes deposits in Al Rayan banks for an expected profit rate. Unlike interest, expected profit rate is not fixed as the profit is made through Sharia compliant investments. There is an element of risk carried in the expected profit rate, but it is usually managed by Al Rayan Bank. Islamic banks Home Purchase Plans are on the basis of leasing and co-ownership, whereby the bank and the customer purchase the property jointly. The monthly paymen ts made by the Customer little by little boost their share in the property. At the maturity of the finance term, the title of the asset is

Cuban Missile Crisis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cuban Missile Crisis - Assignment Example In 1896, the decision of Plessy v. Feguson held that the Jim Crow rule did not violate the American Fourteenth Amendment. The Decision was ignorance that black facilities were inferior (Bennett 214). Due to the subservient position of African Americans, In 1955 Rosa Park defied the norm of the time. She refused to give up a seat in a bus in Alabama, Montgomery. The refusal instigated mass protest among blacks who boycotted the bus transport. The boycott led many blacks to follow Martin Luther King Jr as patron of the newly founded Montgomery Improvement Association. The support made King very popular amongst blacks where he himself adopted Gandhi approach of non-violent approach as a way of advocating for non-white rights (Bennett 216). The maturity of black’s movements was gradual, blacks were relentless in their course, due to this, major campaigns were widespread, this leading to Birmingham case where non-violent demonstrators were hurt by law enforcers. The result made white perceive that the black nationalism might occur and this led president Kennedy to introduce civil rights act of 1964 and London to introduce in 1965 the voting rights amongst blacks (Bennett 217). The October crisis or Cuban missile was a result of Suspicion and fear on spread of communism in America. According to Allison and Zellikov (110), it was a confrontation among Cuba, United States of America and the Soviet Union in 1962. The origin was a result of USA failure to overthrow Cuba regime. Due to this, the Cuban and its allies Soviet governments began to build different ballistic missiles which were perceived to have ability to hit and destroy US. Castro and his counterpart from Russia, Krushchev were ready to invade US if USA invaded Cuba, which the Soviet saw as their only option to spread communism in Latin America (Allison and Zellikov 112). After the confrontation had ended, Soviet Union dismantled the

Farewell Speech Essay Example for Free

Farewell Speech Essay A Journey by Train A journey by train is the cheapest, comfortable and safe. Last Sunday I went to see my uncle at Rawalpindi. I got up early in the morning. I hired a rickshaw and reached the station. I bought a ticket. There was great rush at the platform. Every body was in a hurry. The train reached in time. I hurriedly boarded the train. Fortunately, I got comfortable seat near the window. The guard whistled and the train moved at 5 a. m. The train passed through the green fields, barren areas and mountains. Trees, buildings and mountains looked running backward. I saw different sights and landscapes. The train crossed many rivers and canals. At last, it arrived at 11 a. m. at Rawalpindi Railway Station. My uncle and cousin were present there to receive me. It was a good experience. My Country The name of my country is Pakistan. It is my home land. It is a Muslim country. It is founded by Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. It came into existence on August 14, 1947. it has four provinces. Punjab, Sindh, Frontier and Baluchistan. Every province has its own culture. The people of every province are recognized by their language and dress. But being Pakistanis, they all are one nation. Its national language is Urdu. The official language is still English. Its population is about 16 crore. It is an agricultural country. There are many rivers in it which irrigate its crops. Its main food crops are wheat, maize and rice. Its main cash crops are cotton, tobacco, and seeds. Its area is 310403 square miles. There are high mountains, vast plains and deep sea in it. India China and Afganistan are its neighbouring countries. There are many universities, colleges, and schools in it. It is making progress in industry quickly. May God keep my country in running condition! My village A.B.C is my village. It is situated on Lahore Faisalabad main road. It is 35 kilometers from Faisalabad. It is a large and big village. Its population is about 22,000. Most of the villagers are farmers. Some are factory workers. Some are government servants. The others do their own business. All the villagers are hardworking. They earn well. All are well to do. There are left only some kacha houses. The people of my village are very fond of learning. Except some, all the boys and girls go to school and colleges. There are two high schools in my village one for boys and one for girls. There are six shops in my village. There is a post office, a patwar-khana, an office of the union council and a dispensary in it. The agricultural land of my village is very fertile and rich. My village produces big crops every year. It is an important and beautiful village. SCHOOL SHOKEEPER OR OUR TUCK-SHOP We have a nice, little tuck-shop in our school. It is run by Mr. Nazir. He is about 45. He is a gentleman. He is very polite to polite the students. Most of the students are known to him. He sells fruit, sweets, eggs, milk, tea and other edibles. We can buy cold drinks of many kinds and some stationary. Sometimes the students borrow things. He writes their names with date and amount in a register. He charges the reasonable prices. He sells the pure and No.1 things. The headmaster often tests and checks his things. He advises him to keep his things clean, fresh and pure. It is always a pleasure to pay a visit to it. Rich students frequently visit the shop while the poor now and then. Because it needs some money to visit his shop recess is the rush time of this shop. The shop keeper opens it before the school opens and closes it after the school time. A FARMER A farmer is the most important member of our society. He grows food and corn for us. He gets up with the first crow of the cock. He goes to the cattle shed. He feeds his cattle and milks the buffaloes. Then he says the morning prayers. He takes his breakfast and goes to fields. He works there till noon. Now he ploughs the fields. Then he sows the crops. At another time, he waters the fields. At noon, his wife brings his lunch. After the lunch, he takes some rest, after about two hours, he is again busy with his work. He returns home in the evening. My Father Father is a blessing of Allah. But a kind and generous father is the greatest blessing of Allah. M. Riaz is my dear father. He is an M.A in English and teaches in local High School. He is about 30. He is tall and strong. He is clean shave. He has a graceful personality. He is a true Muslim. He says his prayers regularly. He recites the Holy Quran daily. He awakes us early in the morning and takes us to the masjid. He makes us to live according to the Sunnah. He never lets us go astray. He does his duty honestly. He teaches us to be honest to our work. The Telephone. The telephone was one of the most important inventions of the nineteenth century. It was invented by Alenander Graham Bell. Since then, the telephone changed many forms, shapes and sizes. Later, mobile phones were produced. Their use is that they can be carried anywhere, as they are very small. The telephone works in the way that it converts our sound into electric impulses. These impulses then travel through wires and cables and reach the receiver as sound. At first the telephone was present in only the big cities. In small towns and villages, it was not present. But then, as development of towns and villages took place, the telephone was provided over there as well. Also, international calls could not be made directly, People had to go to exchanges to make international calls. But now you can dial international number sitting in your house. Now-a-days, you can even make phone calls through the computer. Telephone is a great facility for the people of all around the world to connect them one another. Television What a wonderful feat the scientists have done by invented a television! They have provided us with a source of recreation. It is a boon for the people. In the twenty first century, science is progressing by leaps and bounds. It has caused many inventions. The television is one of the wonders of this age. It has made our life easier and more pleasant. We are very fortunate that we are born in the modern scientific age. The television is a symbol of the wonderful progress. It is manufactured by a large number of firms. It has become very common now-a-days. We can say, it has become a part of modern life. We enjoy many facilities as the ancient people could not even dream of it. We are indebted to that benefactor of humanity who invented it. Bit scientists are always busy in inventing such things as many lessen the troubles of human beings and give them comfort. A village Fair There was time when the amusements enjoyed by the villagers were quite different from that of the people living in cities. They took part in the sports, Kabaddi matches and listened to folk songs. With the passage of time, we find no difference between the amusements of the villagers and those of the citizen. Construction of roads has connected the villages to the cities. Electricity has been supplied to most of the villages. Every village has a television set and refrigerator in his home. That entertains his guests with pepsi cola and other cold drinks. Besides sports and kabaddi matches a village fair is also poplar recreation for the village folk. Farmers work hard all the year in their fields. They need some hours of relief and relaxation from boring life. A fair provides them a good entertainment after a harvest. It provides them an opportunity to enjoy to their heart’s content. They forget their cares, worries and laborious work. They put a few hours in the fun and frolic of the fair. Fairs are associated with seasons. In Lahore Mela Cheraghan is held in the last week of March. Mela Naulakha Hazrari is held at Shahkot (Sheikhupura) on 23rd March every year. It is celebrated in memory of a saint. Villagers come from far and near to enjoy the fair. It continues for three day. They attend the fair in groups. They shout, laugh and dance at the beat of drums. There are stalls and shops of toys and sweets, which have a good sale. Fair the most popular form of entertainment for the villagers. It provides them relief from the year long hard work. Mobile Mobile is a mini device through which people talk with one another. It is the latest invention of this era. There was a time when telephone had great important in business fields and in houses to keep the people in touch with one another. But with the advent of mobile, houses look bare with telephones even offices as well. Mobile is a mini device without wires. Mobile is not only a means of talking to others but also it does many other activities of people. The latest mobiles work like a computer. We can watch movies stored in its memory. We can draw a lot of pictures through its camera. We can watch many live programmes on its mini screen if it has the facility of internet in its functions. Using internet, we can employ facebook , google, youtube and many more websites that we need. Mobile is a sort of mini computer. A latest mobile does all the activities which a computer does. It always remains with us and helps us when we are in trouble. A traveling person does not have any difficulty to reach his goal. A business man always feels a helplessness if he does not have any mobile. Mobile has become the dire need of human life.

GPU-Accelerated Impact Maximization in Professional Networks

GPU-Accelerated Impact Maximization in Professional Networks GPU-Accelerated Impact Maximization in Large-Scale Professional Networks Dr. M. Rajasekhara, Babu B. V. Arunragavan Abstract Impact Maximization means to discover the top-K fascinating people to expand the impact spread inside a professional networks, which remains important yet difficult issue. Turned out to be NP-hard, the impact expansion issue pulls in gigantic studies. In spite of the fact that there exist fundamental eager calculations which may give great close estimation to ideal result, the ill effects of low computational proficiency and unnecessarily long execution time, restricting the application to substantial scale informal communities. In this paper, to quicken the impact boost by leveraging the parallel transforming ability of design handling unit (GPU). The enhancement of the current greedy calculations and outline a base up traversal calculation with GPU usage, which contains inbuilt parallelism. To best fit the proposed impact expansion calculation with the GPU construction modeling, we further create a versatile K-level mix technique to amplify the parallelism and redesign the impact c hart to minimize the potential disparity. We do far reaching explores different avenues regarding both certifiable and professional network follows and show that with IMGPU model. KEY WORDS: Index Terms—Impact maximization, GPU, large-scale professional networks, IMGPU, bottom-up traversal algorithm. INTRODUCTION: The organizations, for example, linkedIN, visualCV and meetup play a critical part as productive media for quick spreading data, thoughts, and impact among gigantic population, and such impact has been significantly amplified with the quick increment of online clients. The organizations present extraordinary open doors for expansive scale viral advertising, a showcasing methodology that advances items through verbal impacts. While the force of professional systems has been investigated more to amplify the profit of viral showcasing, it gets to be crucial to understand how we can amplify the impact over the interpersonal organization. This issue, alluded to as impact amplification, is to choose inside a given interpersonal organization a little set of compelling people as beginning clients such that the normal number of affected clients, called impact spread, is expanded. The impact amplification issue is intriguing yet testing. Tis is turned out to be NP-hard and proposed a fundamental eager calculation that gives great rough guess to the ideal result. On the other hand, their methodology is genuinely restricted in productivity since it needs to run Monte-Carlo reproduction for extensively long time period to ensure a precise gauge. Despite the fact that various progressive deliberations have been made to enhance the proficiency, condition of-the-craftsmanship methodologies still experience the ill effects of unreasonably long execution time because of the high-computational intricacy for large scale informal communities. Then again, representation preparing unit (GPU) has as of late been generally utilized as an issue broadly useful figuring gadget and indicated guaranteeing potential in quickening reckoning of chart issues. In this manner, The utilization of GPU to quicken the processing of the impact boost issue. Then again, the parallel handling ability of GPU can be completely misused in taking care of assignments with normal information access design. Sadly, the chart structures of generally real world organizations are very discontinuous, making GPU increasing speed a nontrivial assignment extreme execution debasement. The primary difficulties of full GPU quickening lie in the accompanying viewpoints. In the first place, the parallelism of impact spread calculation for every conceivable seed set is restricted by the quantity of hubs at each one level. Consequently, the computational force of GPU cant be completely misused on the off chance that we specifically outline issue to GPU for quickening. Second, as the level of hubs in generally social organizes essentially take after a force law dispersion, serious disparity between GPU strings will happen amid impact spread processing, genuinely corrupting the generally execution. Third, because of the unpredictable nature of true professional network, the memory gets to show poor spatial area, making it hard to fit the GPU computational model. To address the above difficulties, we propose a Gpu accelerated impact expansion skeleton, IMGPU, which goes for completely leveraging the parallel preparing ability of GPU. We first change over the social chart into a regulated non-cyclic chart (DAG) to evade excess count. At that point a Bottom-up traversal calculation (BUTA) is outlined and mapped to GPU with CUDA programming model. Our methodology gives generous change to the current successive methodologies by exploiting the inalienable parallelism in handling hubs inside a informal community. In light of the gimmick of the impact augmentation issue, we propose a set of versatile systems to investigate the most extreme limit of GPU and upgrade the execution of IMGPU. Specifically, we create a versatile K-level blend strategy to augment the parallelism among GPU strings. In the interim, we redesign the chart by level and degree conveyance to minimize the potential uniqueness and blend the memory access to the most extreme degree. We direct broad explores different avenues regarding both true and manufactured social system follows. Contrasted and the condition of-the-workmanship calculation Mixgreedy, IMGPU attains up to 60 speedup in the execution time and has the capacity scale up to remarkably huge scale systems which were never expected with the current consecutive methodologies. As an issue, the commitments of this paper are predominantly twofold. First and foremost, we show BUTA, a proficient base up traversal calculation which contains inborn parallelism for the impact boost issue. The BUTA to GPU building design to adventure the parallel transforming ability of GPU. Second, to best fit the GPU computational model, we propose a few viable streamlining systems to expand the parallelism, evade potential uniqueness, and blend memory access. The rest of this paper is composed as takes after: Area 2 gives preliminaries on impact expansion furthermore surveys related work. The IMGPU structure and relating GPU improvements are introduced in Section 3 furthermore Section 4, individually. We assess the IMGPU plan by far reaching tests and report the exploratory brings about Section 5. 2. PRELIMINARIES AND RELATED WORK In this segment, we introduce preparatory prologue to influence maximization, and survey related work. In influence maximization, an on-line informal organization is demonstrated as an issue graph G =(V,E,W), where V= {v1,v2,v3 ) speaks to the set of nodes in the graph, each of which relates to an individual client. Every node can be either dynamic or idle, and will change from being idle to being dynamic on the off chance that it is influenced by others nodes. E V  V is a situated of directed edges speaking to the relationship between diverse clients. Take Linked-In as an illustration. A directed edge will be secured from node vi to vj , if vi is trailed by vj , shows that v j is open to get tweets from vi , and therefore may be influenced by vi . G =(V,E,W), where V= {v1,v2,v3 ) is the weight of every node which shows its commitment to the influence spread. The weight 137 is instated as 1 for every node, implying that if this node is influenced by different nodes, its commitm ent to the influence spread is 1. The span of node set is n, and the quantity of edges is m. Node vi is known as a sink on the off chance that its out-degree is 0, and called a source on the off chance that its in-degree is 0. The independent cascade (IC) model is one of the most decently mulled over dispersion models. Given a beginning set S, the dissemination procedure of IC model unfolds as takes after: At step 0, just nodes in S are dynamic, while different nodes stay in the inert state. At step t, for every node vi which has recently changed from being inert to being dynamic, it has a solitary opportunity to enact every at present dormant neighbor v w , and succeeds with a likelihood . In the event that vi succeeds, v and w will get to be dynamic at step . In the event that v w has numerous recently initiated neighbours, their endeavours in actuating v w are sequenced in a subjective request. Such a procedure runs until no more actuations are conceivable We utilize to mean the influence spread of the introductor y set S, which is characterized as the normal number of dynamic nodes toward the end of influence proliferation. Given a graph G =(V,E,W) and a parameter K, the influence maximization issue in the IC model is to choose a subset of persuasive nodes S V of size K such that the influence spread is augmented toward the end of influence dissemination process. We proposed Mixgreedy that diminishes the computational many-sided quality by registering the minor influence spread for every node G =(V,E,W) in one single reenactment. Mixgreedy first figures out if an edge would be chosen for engendering or not with a given likelihood. At that point all the edges not chose are evacuated to structure another graph G =(V,E,W) . With this treatment, the negligible addition from adding node vi to S is the quantity of nodes that are reachable from vi , however inaccessible from all the nodes in S. To process the influence spread for every node, a fundamental execution is doing BFS for all verticess which takes O(m,n) MixGreedy incorporates Cohen’s randomized algorithm for estimating the marginal influence spread for each node, and afterward selects the node that offers the maximal influence spread. Embracing the above streamlining methods, MixGreedy can run much faster. In any case, the change is not sufficiently viable to lessen execution time to an adequate range especially for huge scale professional networks. In addition, Cohens algorithm provides no precision ensure. 3 IMGPU FRAMEWORK Here, we depict the IMGPU framework that empowers GPU-accelerated processing of influence maximization. Initially, we create BUTA that can exploit intrinsic parallelism and adequately lessen the complexity with guaranteed accuracy. 3.1BOTTOM-UP TRAVERSAL ALGORITHM We can get another graph from the original graph after haphazardly selecting edges from G. As opposed to doing BFS for every node which is noticeably wasteful, we can find that the negligible impact calculation of every node just depends on its child node; subsequently, we could get the impact spreads for all the node by crossing the diagram just once in a bottom-up way. The level of a node vi, is: We initially change over the graph to a DAG to keep away from repetitive computation and potential deadlock. Fig. 1.Bottom-up traversal. Fig. 2.Relation of nodes. Algorithm 2 displays the points of interest of BUTA, where R signifies the quantity of Monte-Carlo simulations. In each round of recreation, the graph is initially reproduced by selecting edges at a given likelihood and changing over into a DAG Then we begin the bottom up traversal level by level We utilize the in parallel build to demonstrate the codes that can be executed in parallel by GPU. Impact spreads of all hubs at the same level can be ascertained in parallel and the mark of every hub is then decided for future cover reckoning. After R rounds of reenactment, the hub giving the maximal negligible increase will be chosen and added to the set S. Fig. 3. Graph data representation. The advantages of BUTA is that we can enormously decrease the time and BUTA can promise preferred accuracy over Mixgreedy as we precisely figure impact spread for every node while Mixgreedy approximates them from Cohens calculation. 3.2BASELINE GPU IMPLEMENTATION In this area, we first depict the graph data structure utilized as a part of this work, and afterward discuss about the baseline implementation of IMGPU in point of interest. 3.2.1 DATA REPRESENTATION To execute IMGPU over the GPU structural planning, the customary nearness lattice representation is not a decent decision particularly for large-scale social networks. The reasons are. First and foremost, it costs memory space which altogether confines the span of informal community that can be taken care of by GPU. Second, the dormancy of information exchange from host to gadget and worldwide memory access is high, corrupting the general execution. Therefore, we utilize the compressed sparse row (CSR) format which is generally utilizedfor scanty framework representation 3.2.2 BASELINE IMPLEMENTATION The graph information is initially exchanged to the global memory of GPU. At that point, we allocate one string for every node to run the impact spread computation kerne. The impact spread processing bit meets expectations iteratively by level. Along these lines, the parallel handling ability of GPU is abused for impact maximization acceleration. 4 GPU-ORIENTED OPTIMIZATION In this area, we analyze figures that influence the execution of benchmark GPU usage and give viable improvements to accomplish better performance. 4.1DATA REORGANIZATION BUTA executes level by level in a bottomup manner. Strings in a twist are in charge of preparing diverse node. Then again, because of the SIMT peculiarity of GPU, strings in a warp execute the same direction at each one clock cycle. Subsequently, if strings in a twist are appointed to process hubs at distinctive levels, uniqueness will happen and affect diverse execution ways, which will essentially degrade the execution. Likewise, amid BUTA execution, strings need to acquire the visit data and the impact spreads of their child nodes. As the degrees of hubs in genuine informal communities principally take after a force law dissemination, there may exist incredible difference between the level of distinctive nodes. Such dissimilarity will seriously lessen the usage of GPU centers and corrupt the execution. To address these issues, we revamp the graph by presorting the graph, with the motivation behind making strings in a warp process nodes that are at the same level and with comparable degree however much as could reasonably be expected. 4.2ADAPTIVE K-LEVEL COMBINATION Baseline IMGPU usage computes impact spreads of node from bottom up by level, and subsequently its parallelism is restricted by the quantity of node at each one level. We can advantage more if there are sufficient node having a place with the same level to be handled, overall the parallel preparing capacity of GPU would be underexploited. For most cases, there is satisfactory parallelism to adventure since this present reality interpersonal organization is normally of vast scale. Notwithstanding, there do exist some specific levels which just contain a little number of node because of the intrinsic graph irregularity of social networks. 4.3MEMORY ACCESS COALESCENCE When we register the impact spread of a node, the string needs to get to the impact spreads of all the youngster node. Accordingly, for node with substantial degree, this will bring about countless gets to which will take long execution time. Such node, however representing a little rate of the whole graph, generously exist in a lot of people genuine social networks. 5 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP In our experiments, we use traces professional networks of distinctive scales and diverse types, like LinkedIn We look at IMGPU and its advancement version IMGPU_O with the two existing eager algorithms and two heuristic algorithms, and Mixgreedy , ESMCE , PMIA, and Arbitrary. In addition, we also execute a CPU- based version of BUTA, alluded to as BUTA_CPU, to assess the execution of BUTA and the impact of parallelization. The itemized description of the information sets whats more algorithms can be found in which is accessible in the on-line supplemental material. 6 CONCLUSION In this paper, we present IMGPU, a novel structure that accelerates influence maximization for professional network in-order to spread the job notification by exploiting GPU. Specifically, we design a bottom up traversal algorithm, BUTA, which significantly reduces the computational unpredictability and contains inalienable parallelism. To adaptively fit BUTA with the GPU building design, we also investigate three viable optimizations. Extensive experiments demonstrate that IMGPU significantly reduces the execution time of the existing sequential influence maximization algorithm while keeping up satisfying influence spread. REFERENCES [1] D. Bader and K. Madduri, â€Å"GTgraph: A Suite of Synthetic GraphGenerators,† http://www.cse.psu.edu/madduri/software/GTgraph/, Nov. 2012. [2] W. Chen, Y. Wang, and S. Yang, â€Å"Efficient Influence Maximizationin Social Networks,† Proc. ACM Int’l Conf. Knowledge Discovery andData Mining (SIGKDD), pp. 199-208, 2009. [3] W. Chen, C. Wang, and Y. Wang, â€Å"Scalable Influence Maximiza-tion for Prevalent Viral Marketing in Large-Scale Social Net-works,† Proc. ACM Int’l Conf. Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining(SIGKDD), pp. 1029-1038, 2010. [4] N. Bell and M. Garland, â€Å"Efficient Sparse Matrix-Vector Multi-plication on CUDA,† Technical Report NVR-2008-04, NVIDIA,Dec. 2008. [5] E. Cohen, â€Å"Size-Estimation Framework with Applications toTransitive Closure and Reachability,† J. Computer and SystemSciences, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 441-453, 1997. [6] P. Domingos and M. Richardson, â€Å"Mining the Network Value ofCustomers,† Proc. ACM Int’l Conf. Knowledge Discovery and DataMining (SIGKDD), pp. 57-66, 2001. [7] J. Barnat, P. Bauch, L. Brim, and M. Ceska, â€Å"ComputingStrongly Connected Components in Parallel on CUDA,† Proc.IEEE 25th Int’l Parallel Distributed Processing Symp. (IPDPS), pp.544-555, 2011.

JOHN COLLINS WARREN (August 1, 1778- May 4, 1856) :: Essays Papers

JOHN COLLINS WARREN (August 1, 1778- May 4, 1856) Synapsis The scientific community experienced several advancements from the late 18th century through the mid-19th century. This time period is of primary focus to illustrate the era in which a well accomplished anatomist left an astonishing, but often overlooked, mark in history. John Collins Warren, a skillful surgeon and fine anatomist, influenced and helped re-shape world wide views with his work on comparative anatomy titled Comparative View of the Sensorial and Nervous Systems in Men and Animals. A look into his life, accomplishments, and the time period itself will allow a thorough understanding of the importance and impact left by this work; a work previously unviewed by the internet community. John Collins Warren, born August 1, 1778, was a native of Massachusetts. Warren’s earliest influence, his father, was active in the medical community as both a doctor and surgeon. Warren’s father was such a great influence that young Warren himself decided to pursue a medical career. Warren chose a medical career, coercion free, feeling it would be most beneficial (E. Warren 21). Warren showed early on that his life was full of commitment and willfulness; he readily applied these traits towards his own education. At the time Warren began his studies there was no hospital in Boston and after one year of American schooling, he ventured to Europe to continue his studies. Around the beginning of the 19th century, voyages overseas were not easily accomplished; Warren’s voyage lasted twenty-four days and confirmed his sense of dedication. While in Europe, Warren studied in both London and Paris. Studying overseas was, as Warren himself had predicted, very beneficial. It enabled him to establish life-long relationships with influential members of the scientific community. With help from others, Warren was able to attend lectures by the most prominent scientists in Europe. Several of Warren’s journal entries from Europe speak of lectures by well-established scientists Vauqelin and Hope (E. Warren 57). After spending a sufficient amount of time in Europe, Warren felt he was well-learned and returned to America to advance his career in medicine. Upon returning to America, Warren continued his studies at Harvard and Cambridge and was forced to embrace what seemed like a whole different world.

Language Development of Deaf Infants and Children Essay examples -- Te

Language Development of Deaf Infants and Children My essay topic is the language development of deaf infants and children. In my opinion, this is an important topic to discuss, due to the lack of public knowledge concerning the deaf population. Through this essay, I wish to present how a child is diagnosed as having a hearing loss (including early warning signs), options that parents have for their children once diagnosed (specifically in relation to education of language), common speech teaching methods used today, typical language development for these children, and some emotional, social, and mental difficulties faced by the deaf child and the child’s family that have an immense effect on the child’s education. When most people think of the process of language development in â€Å"normal† children, the concepts that come to mind are of babies imitating, picking up sounds and words from the speakers around them. Trying to imagine that a child who cannot hear one single sound a person makes can learn to speak a language is absolutely fascinating. These children range from amazin...

Introduction for OJT Essay

1. To pursue venerable career in a professional organization enable achieving company’s objectives of development, customer pleasure and service. 2. Together with assets for instance sincerity, truthfulness and struggle for excellence, add value and strength to the company, to empower the student or the team where he is a fraction of. 3. In quest of a position in a top business where the OJT is able to transmit the knowledge gained through bachelor’s degree. Determinedly deem in the principle of implementing duties with loyalty and courage. 4. To grow capably by giving skills to the association and vice versa. 5. To work in a demanding environment where skills and efforts is explored and familiarized the varied OJT fields, and understand potentials and add to the growth of the organization with inspiring performance. 6. To utilize knowledge and skills for the implementation of organizational goals. PHILOSOPHY â€Å"It is the policy of the State to establish, develop, promote and perfect a sound and viable tax-exempt social security system suitable to the needs of the people throughout the Philippines which shall promote social justice and provide meaningful protection to members and their families against the hazards of disability, sickness, maternity, old age, death and other contingencies resulting in loss of income or financial burden. Toward this end, the State shall endeavor to extend social security protection to workers and their beneficiaries.† (Section 2, RA 8282) VISSION â€Å"The SSS aims to develop and promote a viable, universal and equitable social security protection scheme through world-class service.† Viable. Social security protection shall be provided through generations. Universal. Social security protection shall be provided to all residents of the Philippines, citizens and non-citizens alike, regardless of creed, gender, age, geographic location and economic status, especially the disadvantaged, so that no one will become a burden to society. Equitable. Fair and uniform coverage shall be made available to all. Benefits shall be meaningful and able to sustain a decent standard of living. World-class service. Social security service that is prompt, accurate and courteous shall be provided to ensure total member satisfaction. MISSION To provide meaningful protection to the members and their families against contingencies resulting in the loss of income and financial burden and to contribute to the socio-economic development of the country through a viable social insurance program. VALUES â€Å"The SSS aims to institutionalize a corporate culture that instills the core values of Trust, Empowerment and Teamwork.† On January 26, 1948, Pres. Manuel A. Roxas proposed a bill seeking to establish a social security system for wage earners and low-salaried employees. This was recommended to Congress in his State of the Nation Address. After the death of President Roxas, Pres. Elpidio Quirino created the Social Security Study Commission on July 7, 1948. The creation of the Commission was his first official act upon his assumption to office. Based on the report of the Study Commission, a draft of the Social Security Act was submitted to Congress. In 1954, Rep. Floro Crisologo, Senators Cipriano Primicias and Manuel Briones introduced bills based on the report of the Social Security Study Commission in the House of Representatives and in the Senate. These bills were consolidated and enacted into Republic Act (RA) 1161, better known as the Social Security Act of 1954. However, business and labor groups objected to the Social Security Act resulting in a deferment of its implementation. In 1957, amendatory bills were presented in Congress. These bills were the bases of RA 1792, which amended the original Social Security Act. On September 1, 1957, the Social Security Act of 1954 or the Social Security Law (SS Law) was finally implemented, marking a significant milestone in the social security program. Thus, with the implementation of the SS law, the government also adopted the social insurance approach to social security, covering the employed segment of the labor force in the private sector. In 1993, household helpers earning at least P1,000 were included in the compulsory coverage of employees. In 1980, some groups of self-employed persons were also required to contribute to the social security fund from which benefits are paid upon the occurrence of a contingency provided by law. Self-employed farmers and fisher folks were included in the program in 1992, while workers in the informal sector earning at least P 1,000 a month such as ambulant vendors and watch-your-car boys, were covered in 1995. The Social Security System (SSS) administers social security protection to workers in the private sector. On the other hand, the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) takes care of workers in the public sector. The SSS administers two programs namely: 1. The Social Security Program; and 2. The Employees’ Compensation Program (EC) Social Security provides replacement income for workers in times of death, disability, sickness, maternity and old age. On May 1, 1997, Pres. Fidel V. Ramos signed RA 8282, further strengthening the SSS. Also known as the Social Security Act of 1997, it amended RA 1161, providing for better benefit packages, expansion of coverage, flexibility of investments, stiffer penalties for violators of the law, condonation of penalties of delinquent employers and the establishment of a voluntary provident fund for members. The EC program, started in 1975, provides double compensation effective June 1984 to the worker when the illness, death, or accident occurs during work-related activities. EC benefits are granted only to members with employers. SSS used to administer the Medicare program for hospitalization and other medical needs of the private sector workers; and the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS), for the public sector workers. However, with the passage of Republic Act 7875 or the National Health Insurance Act of 1995, the SSS and GSIS transferred the administration of the Medicare program to the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth) for an integrated and comprehensive approach to health development effective July 1999. SSS retirement, death, and total disability pensioners prior to the effectivity of RA 7875 on March 4, 1995 are entitled to hospitalization benefits under Phil-Health. Pensioners upon the effectivity of RA 7875 on March 4, 1995 and thereafter are no longer covered except when they meet the qualification requirements set by PhilHealth.

Gonzales V. Raich

Pace University Michael Khoo LAW 101 Gonzales v. Raich(545 U. S. 1 (U. S. Sup. Ct. 2005)) I. FACTS Angel Raich and Diane Monson (plaintiffs) suffered from serious medical conditions and the only effective treatment was the use of Marijuana which was recommended by the doctors. In 1996, a California statue, under the name of The Compassionate Use Act, was established to legally allow marijuana to be used only for medicinal purposes. Monson cultivated her own Marijuana for her own usage as she relied on it heavily for daily functions.The Drug Enforcement Administration (defendant) came to Monson’s house, discovered the cannabis plants and destroyed all six of them. Raich and Monson sued the DEA to obtain an injunction that would inhibit the enforcement of the federal Control Substance Act (CSA) on Monson. The CSA classifies marijuana as a controlled substance. Raich and Monson claimed that enforcing the CSA would violate the Commerce Clause and the Due Process Clause of the Fift h Amendment. II. JUDGEMENT Angel Raich and Diane Monson (plaintiffs) won the case.The Drug Enforcement Administration (defendant) lost the case. III. LEGAL PRINCIPAL A. ISSUE Whether Congress’ power to regulate interstate markets for medical substances encompasses the portions of those markets that are supplied with drugs produced and consumed locally. B. HOLDING No. IV. REASONING A. GENERAL ANALYSIS In this Constitutional Case, the Controlled Substance Act (CSA) gives Congress and the Federal government the right to confiscate and/ or destroy any discovered controlled substances.Marijuana is considered a schedule 1 controlled substance due to hazards, high potential for abuse and lack of medicinal benefits. The Compassionate Use Act was created in 1996 in California as a statue that legally allows Marijuana to be used only for medicinal and medical purposes. The argument used against the DEA for enforcing the CSA on the plaintiffs is that it would be a violation of the Comme rce Clause which is a major component of the Fifth Amendment.The Commerce Clause establishes that the congress has the authority to oversee, regulate and intervene in interstate commercial activity. B. APPLIED ANALYSIS The Controlled Substance Act’s jurisdiction was used by the DEA to destroy Marijuana in Monson’s house because of the simple fact that Marijuana is categorized as a Schedule 1 controlled substance. However the plaintiffs argue that such action would take away the power of the Commerce Clause of the Fifth Amendment which states that the federal government body has the authority to overlook and regulate interstate activity.Nowhere in that clause does it give the federal body the power to regulate intrastate activity which is the case of the cultivation of marijuana in Monson’s house. In addition to that, the Compassionate Use Act supports the cultivation of marijuana in Monson’s house because Monson is a patient who was severely ill and whose life was dependent on the usage of Marijuana for recovery. According to the circumstances of this case in which the possession of marijuana was due to health, medical and medicinal reason, and for abuse purposes, the Supreme Court has overruled the DEA to execute the CSA on Monson.

Coney Island Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Coney Island - Essay Example At the turning of the twentieth century, this culture was still in the first stage of formation and not fully incorporated within the society’s life (Kasson, 1978). Its fullest expression at this time lay in the main realm of commercial based amusements, which created essential symbols of the new cultural based order and helped to knit a complex cohesive audience. At the turn of the century, Coney Island was leading in establishment of symbols and their relationship to the new audiences. Some of the changes witnessed were governing of the Nineteenth-century America with some striking set of values and cultural aspects such as Victorian" compared to England Queen Victoria reigned. Interestingly, the urban-industrial society was facilitated with the genteel reformers who were eager to make a step in cultural leadership by disciplining, refining, and instructing the turbulent urban-industrial democracy within the people. The American apostles of culture put a lot of effort to ensure that they inculcate Victorian virtues of "character" such as self-control, moral integrity, industriousness, earnestness and soberness among the citizens. The American apostles believed that changing the culture of the urban-industrial society would help the men in passion to grow economically use leisure and work time efficiently. This was what the urban-based society required in order to grow economically, socially and culturally. Moreover, genteel culture occupying a position given that genteel reformers founded libraries, symphonies museums and other great institutions that help to set a cultural change that dominated public based discussion (Kasson, 1978). Of the critical importance to their success as cultural based arbiters was the ability to create a support of influential shapers of the great mass culture, who echoed their development tone and carried the message to audience. As a result, a series of technological based innovations were disseminated which

W 9 Chemicals and Pests- Discussion- environmental Essay

W 9 Chemicals and Pests- Discussion- environmental - Essay Example As for ants, we either flush them away with cold water or we wipe the ants up in a damp rug and rinse the rug in order to wash the ants down the drain. Since my mom has been growing a small pocket garden in the front of our house for a number of years now, I do not really mind the use of fertilizers in gardens and lawns since it helps to ensure a good plant growth. However, my mother uses organic fertilizers for this purpose and not chemically treated fertilizers. The only chemical that she uses on her plants is something called Malathion which, I have to admit, has a rather offensive smell once it is sprayed on the plants. I believe that fertilizers are a necessary evil in the development and aesthetic development of plant growth. Does its aesthetic benefits outweigh the negative effects? I would have to say that it does not because it directly affects my health. However, these negative effects only come into play when using artificial fertilizers. The same does not apply when using organic

Phonetics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Phonetics - Essay Example Tools is not a good gift sorry (word order) tools are not a good gift because it probably means that the guy have to work and his not working (um) unless he some sort of physicist or mechanic tools probably not a good gift. Opera tickets is not a good gift I don't guys like opera. Silver cuffling(k)s is romantic and is a good gift. A picture of her is again a good gift I think is romantic. Race car driving lessons is a good gift because guys love sports. A book from the best seller list is not a good gift because I don't think guys like reading that much. An electric razor is very unromantic and is not a good gift is also means that guys probably don't shave. White socks is not a good gift. A sweater is probably a good gift again shows that the women cares for the man. Once upon a time there was a man Mr. Smith everything seemed to be good in his life. But he was feeling loneliness and one day he realized the missing part of his life was a women. He took a brush and paint and he painted on his car "wanted;" a wife he put his address below. Several days later later he got letters and one of them was particularly exciting this was a letter from a lady who had a daughter, a son, and a dog. Mr. Smith called to the lady they met and they made serious relationships. Thus Mr. Smith removed the advertisement from his car. And finally Mr. Smith got married to the lady. Analysis of the speeches of Bis... It has been observed that they sound strange and even rude sometimes. It is a glaring problem that they cannot produce the correct sounds of many vowel-sounds especially the [I], [], []. For the consonants sounds, both have problems in producing the correct sound of th transcribe. It is observable that they prolong that instead of producing the retroflex [r] they produce the trilled [r]. Aside from the difficulty in the approximation of sounds, the two students have been diagnosed to be problematic in their intonation, assimilation of sounds, pitch, stressing, and rhythm. Dimitry for instance has so much unnecessary pauses. This lesson plan then shall be intended for them to be familiarized with the vowel sounds. It is prepared in such a manner that they will find the difference of pronouncing isolated words from the words in context. Drill will be given as it is the best way for them to learn and to master the skills. One Hour Lesson LESSON 1: THE VOWEL SOUNDS (should be read and pronounced by the teacher correctly with Dimitry and Bisun repeating after the teacher) [i] High tense front Extended unrounding of lips (smiling position) feelings "feelings, nothing more than feelings" keep "keep smiling, keep shining" believe "I won't ever leave as long as you believe" she "She's the girl I really want" need "I need your love" [I] Lower-High lax front Natural unrounding of the lips; slight opening of the mouth miss, kiss "Boy I miss your kisses" this, is "all the time what this is" minutes "25 minutes too late" still, hear "still I can hear the words" Monday, "You can kiss me on a Monday" [] Low tense front Natural unrounding of lips' low bunching of the

How has the study of media and communications developed over the last Essay - 2

How has the study of media and communications developed over the last century - Essay Example According Elisa et al (1), many disciplines have contributed to the study and development of media and communications as well. The first work to be discussed is that done by Karl Marx. His influences on this discipline were less assertive. Notwithstanding, the works were very important and well known in the analysis of media and communication (Atton 51). The theory of Marx is inclined to give a strong emphasis on how media and communication leads to situations of status quo among individuals (Elisa et al 1). This is opposed to many scholars who say that media’s role in the society is to encourage people communicating freely. The fundamental characteristic of the Marxist theory is his point of view on â€Å"materialism†, where Marx insists that social being is a great determinant of individual’s awareness. According to his opinion, ideological perspectives of others are not correct on their claim that the social status of individuals determines directly their consciousness and awareness. The researchers view ideology as power of specific system to denote its own meanings as experienced (Ivan 78). Marx’s position on ideology is that the media offers a great persuasion on the people of different groups to embrace capitalism as a natural aspect to them. Antonio Gramsci developed the concept of Marxism in 1920s and brought in a new idea of hegemony. Hegemony is a scenario where power relationship is received and regarded natural or seen as a common sense. Hegemony for example would include lifestyle programs that cover a range of areas of domestic life as well as personal lives of individuals. This could further include programs like childrearing, dog training, clothing, cooking, among others (Emke 57). Chomsky and Herman found out that media has a way of manipulating populations such that they are prevented from being rebellious. They did achieve this by manufacturing consents and controlling the audiences’